A home energy audit is a comprehensive evaluation of a home’s energy usage to identify areas where energy efficiency can be improved. During a typical audit, the following tasks are generally performed:

1. Initial Interview and Walkthrough

• Homeowner Interview: The auditor asks questions about the home’s energy usage, comfort levels, and any concerns related to heating, cooling, or electricity consumption.
• Walkthrough of the Home: The auditor inspects all major areas of the home, including rooms, basement, attic, and exterior, to assess energy efficiency.

2. Exterior and Structural Inspection

• Roof and Walls: The auditor checks for signs of air leaks, insulation, and weatherproofing.
• Windows and Doors: They examine the seals and overall condition to ensure they are not contributing to heat loss or gain.
• Foundation: Any gaps or cracks in the foundation are checked for potential air leaks.

3. Inspection of Heating, Ventilation, and Air Conditioning (HVAC) Systems

• Furnace/Boiler and Ductwork: The auditor examines the age, condition, and efficiency of the furnace or boiler. Ductwork is inspected for leaks, damage, and insulation.
• Air Conditioners and Heat Pumps: Efficiency, age, and condition are checked.
• Ventilation: The auditor checks for proper ventilation, especially in areas like bathrooms, kitchens, and attics.

4. Blower Door Test

• A blower door test is performed to measure the air tightness of the home. A powerful fan is used to depressurize the house, which helps identify leaks and areas where insulation might be missing or inadequate.

5. Infrared Thermography

• Infrared Camera Inspection: This tool is used to detect heat loss and moisture problems in walls, ceilings, and floors by visualizing temperature differences. It helps identify areas where insulation is insufficient or where air is leaking.

6. Inspection of Insulation

• Attic and Wall Insulation: The auditor checks the type, thickness, and condition of insulation, particularly in the attic and walls. Poor insulation is a major source of energy inefficiency.
• Basement and Crawl Space Insulation: The auditor may also inspect insulation in these areas to prevent energy loss.

7. Lighting and Appliances Review

• Lighting: The auditor assesses the efficiency of the lighting system (e.g., incandescent vs. LED bulbs) and suggests energy-saving alternatives.
• Major Appliances: The energy usage of large appliances like refrigerators, water heaters, washing machines, and dryers is evaluated. The auditor may suggest upgrading to more energy-efficient models.

8. Electrical System Inspection

• The auditor inspects the home’s electrical system to ensure that it is functioning properly and not wasting energy. This includes checking for faulty wiring, outdated systems, or improperly functioning appliances.

9. Water Usage Assessment

• Water Heating: The efficiency of the water heater is assessed, including the insulation around the tank and pipes.
• Water Efficiency Devices: The auditor may check for low-flow showerheads, faucets, and toilets that can help reduce water consumption.

10. Recommendations for Energy Improvements

• After the assessment, the auditor provides a detailed report outlining findings and offering specific recommendations. These may include:
  • Sealing air leaks
  • Adding or upgrading insulation
  • Replacing old HVAC systems with more energy-efficient models
  • Installing energy-efficient lighting and appliances
  • Upgrading windows and doors
  • Implementing water-saving strategies

11. Energy Efficiency Rating and Estimates

• Some audits provide an Energy Star rating or Home Energy Score that gives a numerical value to the home’s energy efficiency, along with cost estimates for recommended improvements and potential energy savings.

In some cases, energy audits may also include suggestions for renewable energy systems, such as solar panels, if applicable.